Pomello strain2/2/2024 Using polymeric foam as the template, Bührig-Polaczek et al. On the other hand, some attempts have been carried out to realize enhanced mechanical properties of new materials by incorporating features inspired by pomelo peels. While these antecedent case studies provide insight about pomelo peels, a quantitative characterization across multiple varieties of the porous peel remains elusive. Furthermore, the water in the peel also has a strong influence on energy dissipation capacity that the removal of water from a fresh peel strongly reduces its relative energy dissipation capacity. The microstructure-related mechanical properties of pomelo peels in response to compressive loading was in situ investigated by X-ray tomographic imaging technique, suggesting a nearly linear morphology–mechanics relationship. proposed that fluid-filled struts and a density gradient in the middle of the peel (mesocarp) could be the key factor for the uniform collapse of the peel under quasi-static compression. reported the distribution of cell number over the radial thickness of a peel in the pomelo and found the lowest and highest cell density at the locations of 66.7% and 95.2% away from the juicy pulp, respectively. investigated the distribution of cell wall, cell lumen and intercellular space by light microscopy and gave an estimation that intercellular space increases from 30 to 80% from 1 to 4 mm away from the outermost layer (exocarp). Pioneering effects have been carried out to understand the porous structure in pomelo peels. Quantitative insight into the relationship between the porous structure of pomelo peels and their deformation under pressure could guide us in the design of lightweight, porous materials not only for energy absorption, but also for biomaterial engineering, health care, clean energy, and so on. However, a quantitative understanding of how the porous structure enables the high energy absorption across different pomelo varieties remains missing. The porous structure in pomelo peels is considered to be responsible for the ability of energy absorption. For example, the thick pomelo peel can dissipate energy up to an impressive ~ 98 J, allowing the fruit to withstand a deceleration force of several kilonewtons without visible damage. Porous structures are abundant in nature and play an essential role in the adaptation of organisms to their living environments. The nature-optimized porous structure revealed here could guide the design of lightweight and high-energy-dissipating materials/devices. Guided by the porous design found in pomelo peels, porous polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) cube is additively manufactured and possesses the highest ability to absorb energy during compression as compared to the non-pomelo-inspired geometries, which is further confirmed by the finite element simulation. Here, a universal feature of pore distribution in pomelo peels along the radial direction is extracted from three varieties of pomelos, which shows strong correlation to the deformation behavior of the peels under compression. The quantitative understanding of the relationship between the deformation behavior and the porous structure could pave the way for the design of porous structures for efficient energy absorption. The porous structure in pomelo peel is believed to be responsible for the protection of its fruit from damage during the free falling from a tree.
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